The process of translation is quite complex in many ways but even though it becomes less time consuming for an experienced translator the process is always the same and the same steps must be taken before a single letter is typed onto a screen. The translator must first of all decide which category applies to the text. A process of elimination will decide whether the category relates to Informative, Expressive or Persuasive text. Sometimes a combination of these may be applicable. Informative text may apply to operating instructions, health & safety or a match report for example. Expressive text mainly deals with artistic expression such as a play, a poem or a novel for example. Persuasive text deals with issues which appeal to how people should behave, who they should vote for or how they should mind themselves.

Each category defines how a translator will treat the text. In other words, should the translation reflect the sharing of information word-for-word or should a more flexible approach be undertaken? These are the initial thoughts for each translator. Good translators are aware that they must have a theory of translation otherwise they are translating blind. Translators realise that no two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the exact same social reality. The worlds in which different societies dwell are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached. A translator must be acutely aware of whether the target text should be a literal translation where emphasis is on the source language or whether a freer style should be employed which emphasises the target text.

The guiding principle for the translator is to ensure that the integrity of the source text is reflected in the translated text and that the equivalence of the target text is loyal to the expression, sense and meaning of the message conveyed in the source text. A translator must focus on securing referential and pragmatic equivalence to the original. This is the golden rule for translators.